Wednesday, April 30, 2008

Contrasts and Colors

As I've said before, and as my Lingua Espresso students all know, I love words and word meanings. In college, one of my favorite rhetorical devices, or figures of speech, was the oxymoron. Put simply, an oxymoron is formed by using two contradictory words side-by-side such as "pretty ugly," "bittersweet," and "deafening silence." For example, in English, "pretty" often means "very" as in "pretty tired," "pretty rude," and "pretty stupid." However, "pretty" also means "beautiful," so to put the words "pretty" and "ugly" back-to-back is both strange and funny. So most oxymorons are interesting because they are either ironic, amusing, or both.

My favorite oxymoron is taken from a verse of Billy Joel's "Leningrad": "yellow reds." Because if something is yellow, it cannot by definition also be red. However, that brings me to my other nerdy word-interest which is colors. For example, the words "yellow reds" translate in English as "cowardly" (from the colloquial "yellow-bellied") and "communists" (e.g. "Red China," etc.) Colors depict many other things in English, some of them moods. For example:

  • I'm blue = I'm sad (as Elvis sang in "Blue Christmas")
  • I'm green = I'm jealous (from "jealously is the green-eyed monster") OR I'm nauseous (about to vomit) OR I'm new at something
  • I'm in a black mood = I'm depressed or angry
  • I saw red = I was VERY angry
  • She writes purple prose = She writes flowery, overdone prose
  • He was pink with pride = He was so happy he was blushing pink or red.
  • It was a gray day = It was cloudy, raining, or any kind of damp, depressing weather
  • What a brown-noser! = That person is pretending to be nice or admiring for his own selfish purposes/in order to gain something (Caution non-native speakers: this term is informal and vulgar and sometimes insulting in English, so be careful where you use it!)

Sunday, April 27, 2008

Welcome to the Jungle?

When I was about four years old, my parents bought us what they used to call a "jungle gym," which was in this case (for my students at Lingua Espresso) a wooden structure composed of bars to climb and swing on. I still have tapes of my sister and I artlessly crawling and hanging and exerting ourselves happily, unaware that we were exercising.

It may be strange for younger people to hear this, but the kind of exercise we associate with "gyms" now is really pretty new in a historical sense. For a long time, people got their exercise doing everyday life tasks, with perhaps some extra walking thrown in. I'm sure there were gyms that focused on exercise, but these were still targeted to special skills. For example, boxers, martial artists, etc. had to have places to go to work out, train, and exercise. In other words, "gyms" were for athletes for the most part.

Then in the late 70's early 80's in America, the fitness "craze" began for everyday people. The first "gym" we had in my small hometown geared toward women was just a large room full of primitive exercise bikes and these odd machines from earlier in the century that literally shook you using a belt (the idea, I guess, was to shake the fat off!) This gym was called "The Magic Mirror," and my mother loved it and used to take me with her. I hated it because I was 12 and the others were grown women who often mistook my height, etc., for greater age and told me many gossipy things I didn't want to know!

As I grew up, school gyms played a greater part in my life than the tiny exercise-and-aerobics studios. I played team sports for several years, and my memories of gyms involve a lot of sweating, running, coaches yelling, coaches having fits, coaches punishing us with more exercise. Ever a rebel, I quit team sports as soon as I could. I had decided gyms were evil.

In high school and college, I was required to take classes in Physical Education, which I resented since they had nothing to do with academics, and I was much better at grammar than rope-climbing. We had one coach, lovingly known to the whole town behind his back as "The Old Man," who was quite "easy" on girls. All you had to do was hold your belly, groan, and say "Coach, I have the cramps," and he would quickly wave you to the bench to rest.

By the time I graduated, there were gyms popping up everywhere: public, private, etc. I still avoided them like the plague. In the South, women went to the gym not so much to exercise, but to be seen and to keep thin. Being seen means you fixed your hair and put on full make-up, which is kind of silly when the make-up is melting off of your face. Even most of the men were young men, trying to impress each other and girls with the size of their biceps. So in this way, gyms were almost like bars, and I REALLY didn't like that.

So it didn't matter what size I was at the time, I just despised gyms period. They gave me a huge sense of inferiority and vulnerability about my body, laced with memories of screaming, critical coaches and teachers. Which is why I think it's so funny that I just joined a gym willingly last week. I did it to get back in a shape that I feel comfortable in. And I did it because the gym I joined isn't like any pick-up gym from my younger days in the South. People are all sizes and shapes there, and no one in this part of the country seems to feel compelled to bathe and dress perfectly before working out or to judge anyone else for their fitness levels or hair styles while huffing and puffing on a treadmill.

I am happy to say that I enjoy the gym now. It feels good to zone-out and work out for an hour 2-3 times a week. Now, sometimes, I admit, I pass a mirror and nearly jump out of my skin. "Is that us?" my several critical voices say, "What happened to us? That is definitely not our body, and for heaven's sake, put on something with sleeves until you buff those arms back up! Good grief, what if we need to seduce a room full of sailors? This will definitely not cut it, Lynna!" But I just stop and say, "Shut up, all of you. Who needs/wants to seduce a bar full of sailors?" Well, no one, is the answer. I remind myself I'm a 37 year old who is generally only interested sincerely with one person at a time, not a 23 year old interested in having a whole room faint away at her incredible beauty just for attention's sake ;-) And will be back in a comfortable state soon, I know, and the mirrors will stop taking me by surprise.

So I work out, and I sit in the sauna, and I even shower and get my hair wet . . . which would have been unthinkable in my early life because I would have had to take the time to fix hair and reapply make-up in a humid locker room, among other things. I enjoy the gym and am happy to be getting fit again, just because it feels good. More like the old happy times on a small child's jungle gym.

Monday, April 21, 2008

The Obesity Myth

It's been an extremely busy month for me at Lingua Espresso, as well as at school. So I just finished reading a book that has been on my list for several months now: The Obesity Myth: Why America's Obsession with Weight is Hazardous to Your Health by Paul Campos. The book is actually four years old, but I hadn't heard of it until I read Potatoes Not Prozac and became involved with author Kathleen DesMaisons' Your Last Diet program (which ISN'T a diet at all). Hmmmm, wonder why I hadn't heard of it? After all, if nothing else, it's a ground-breaking, muck-racking take on the American diet industry. Well, after reading it, a few possibilities certainly occurred to me.

For example, could it be that a book chock-full of empirical studies that show that most of the hype over weight and weight loss in America is a load of crap would not be popular in a media culture that rakes in the bucks by feeding the fear and loathing of most of weight-worried America? Surely not. In any case, as I researcher, I was impressed by the data the author had gathered and by the points that he painstakingly made. On a more personal level and as a woman, I was reminded of the role weight has played in my own life, a role that has been almost totally negative. And because a lifetime of weight delusions, resentments, frustrations, and anger were stirred by the book, I would not even presume to try to do a complete, dispassionate review of it. But I would like to point out the points that stood out to me:

Fun Fact One: Crunching the numbers reveals that it's healthier to be at least 75 pounds "overweight" than five pounds underweight.

Fun Fact Two: There are many "thin," sedentary people who are much less healthy than active "fat" people. Unless you are grossly, grossly overweight for your height (5'5", 500 lbs), you don't have any built-in health risks. Oh, unless you are smoking/drinking/stressing about your life/weight.

Fun Fact Three: America ideals have been getting smaller, even though America as a whole has been gaining weight for about 100 years now. Could that be because our culture has evolved around the office desk rather than the pick and the hoe? I mean, the people who want flat tummies might try picking cotton in 100 degree heat, but somehow I think they're looking for an easier fix. Besides, the harder to get, the better to have. We have LOTS of food now, and don't even have to chase it before we eat it. Gwyneth Paltrow is quoted as saying that if she looked like she does now100 years ago, she'd have been a freak and no one would have thought her beautiful, just skinny and unfed.

Fun Fact Four: How many Americans diet because they want to be "healthier." Not many. Most of us diet because we want to look good and in this culture, that means chasing a certain ideal, even if it is totally ridiculous given age, activity, genetic factors, and gender (it is usually hard for a 35 year-old woman of any build to naturally look like a 14 year-old boy).

Fun Fact Five: Someone is making a killing off of "The Diet Wars." Well, lots of someones. In everything from clothes to makeup to gym memberships to cosmetic surgery.

Fun Fact Six: The author is an average American who has gained and lost, gained and lost, like many of us over the years according to age, stress, etc. And his book is dedicated to his little girl who he would rather see grow up in a world where 2-year-olds don't worry about being fat and where a smart, loving human being might actually be valued for those qualities, not a "good" number on the scale or the BMI chart.

Fun Fact Seven: White women are the largest group of dieters, the most terrified of being "fat." Why? Because in politically correct America, you can't judge and eliminate by race or gender anymore. It takes money for all those gym memberships and all that organic food, so the blue collar classes and "people of color" tend to be "fatter." Yay! Weight has become a class issue!

And those are just the points that most stood out to me: the author makes several others that are worth chewing on. In the end, he believes that the only way to win "The Diet Wars," is to stop fighting them. Because studies also show that everyone who diets and losses weight generally gains it all back, plus more. And while I agree, he too notes how hard it is to follow the maxim "to thine own self be true" when everyone around you is convinced that the buck-naked Emperor really IS wearing clothes.

My Christian mother used to often say, in an ironic echo of some Daoist philosophy, "Be in the world, not of the world." Translated, this means "be yourself and do what you KNOW is right, no matter WHAT anyone else thinks/does/says." Easy to say, hard to do. Sometimes easier when you have hard facts on your side, like the ones in this book. Besides, my heart sometimes breaks not just for the unhappy, self-hating girl and woman that I was (even when the photos say I was really thin or slim). And it breaks for every beautiful woman I hear say that she's fat, or ugly, or that she just knows love would come if her upper arms were more toned.

I recommend this book as a good read for anyone: thin, fat, and in-between because . . . the truth is interesting and makes you question your beliefs and those of the people around you. Questions are good for the soul. May you grow fat with truth ;-)

Saturday, April 12, 2008

Jane, Jane, Jane

Yesterday, I was listening to the radio on the way to school. I had on a "classic" rock station, and Jefferson Airplane was happily singing/screeching "Jane, Jane, Jane/ You think it's a game, girl." For fun, I started making a list in my head of all the songs or CDS featuring the name "Jane." For my students at Lingua Espresso, "Jane" used to be a very common girl's name in English. The name was so common, in fact, that unidentified female bodies at hospitals and morgues are still labeled "Jane Does" (unidentified male bodies are labeled "John Does"). So the name Jane has been used to mean "any girl." What I find strange about all this is that "common" Jane is so popular in music about "uncommon" love.

In fact, in only a few minutes, I had a list in addition to Jefferson Airplane's "Jane." Velvet Underground did a song called "Sweet Jane" that was covered at least one famous time decades later by the Cowboy Junkies. The group Jane's Addiction was famous for "Jane Says." Oh, and my personal favorite is a 1980's tune by Jon Astley called "Jane's Getting Serious": I remember the song had a Tarzan-themed video because Tarzan, of course, had a girlfriend named Jane. And Maroon 5 did an entire CD entiled Songs About Jane. So, for a name so common, it sure has gotten around.

It is not unusual for a woman's name to appear in a song or even to be the entire title. New alternative songs like Mike Doughty's "27 Jennifers" are as likely to feature girls' names as old country songs like Dolly Parton's "Joline." Still, sweet Jane seems to still reign and be unlikely to musically fade.

Thursday, April 10, 2008

Writing About Literature

Many English professors prefer their students to read a text and write about that text only. For example, students read a Shakespearean sonnet, then spend several paragraphs describing what they think Shakespeare was trying to say. This is one way to teach writing about literature, and it is not a bad way. But I prefer to teach literature more comparatively: I tend to give topics that ask students not only to interpret what the text is saying, but also ask the students to compare parts of the text to their own lives and their own beliefs.


For example, I am a huge fan of the Japanese author Matsuo Bashō, and when I taught World Literature, I taught a piece of his called The Narrow Road of the Interior. Now, this is a wonderful piece, but it can seem a bit flat and dull for the average modern American English speaker/student. It is a seventeenth-century travelogue dotted with Bashō’s famous haikus, and there are lot of temples, trees, temples, trees, flower blossoms, and temples with a pissing horse to spice things up a bit. So it order for both Bashō and the haiku form to come alive to students, I assigned the following essay topic:


Travel narratives like Bashō’s have been popular throughout most of human history because they allow people to experience parts of the world that they cannot experience in reality. Write about a trip or event that you found life-changing in some large or small way. This trip can be literal (going to Nebraska) or figurative (having a baby). Include at least two haikus to illustrate, as Bashō did. Remember a haiku is composed of three lines: line one has 5 syllables; line two has 7 syllables; and line three has 5 syllables. For example:


Can you write deftly?

Then by all means show me the

Money, my student.


Students absolutely loved this topic, because we have all been on many important trips, both literal and figurative. I received wonderful descriptive essays of life, birth, and everything in between with unbelievably unique haikus. My personal favorite was from a mother writing about her daughter. Her little girl had been born with an undiagnosed form of autism, and finding out what was wrong with her daughter and protecting her daughter from cruel children and unresponsive teachers and doctors had been a sad and rocky journey. And yet she loved that child so much that the journey had been worthwhile.


Again, I prefer to have students write about literature in a way that makes the author and his work seem more real to them. And what makes something more real that drawing a parallel between it and your own life?



For more about my current English instruction at Lingua Espresso, go to www.linguaespresso.com.

Sunday, April 6, 2008

Keep Rocking Those Bangs, Baby


Yesterday, I put down the big bucks to get my hair cut and styled. Well, I say that. A cool guy named Glenn cuts my hair, and he’s actually quite reasonable for 2008 in the over-priced metropolis of Seattle, Washington. He’s also a genius with hair. He’s every bit as anal as I am with my writing, only he uses shears and scissors to create art. And he’s truthful; Glenn will never give you bad advice on hair, not just because he cares about clients, but because he’s the most hair-ethical stylist I’ve ever met. So this time when I went for my appointment, I did two things. I asked him if he thought I could handle straight bangs, and I showed him a picture of me taken almost eighteen years ago with big 80’s hair and enormous, puffy bangs. On the subject of bangs, we agreed that I could handle a certain length and a certain style and that they would be fresh and fun. As to my old photograph, he smiled a genuine smile of nostalgia and asked to show it to the other stylist. He thanked me for sharing it and said it reminded him of old times--good times.


Actually, looking at that picture brought back a flood of hair memories for me too. The different hair fads through the years had a great and sometimes traumatic affect on my life and/or reflected life’s events.


For example, I was born in 1970. The seventies were the decade of ultra-long, ultra-straight hair in America. Teenage girls with curly or wavy hair sometime ironed their hair on the ironing board or rolled it up on empty beer or orange juice cans at night to make it straight. I was only a little girl then, but I was still unfashionable because my hair was VERY curly. It was also red, which compounded the tragedy. Only old women thought my hair was pretty. My own mother was in despair. At around age 3 and 4, she simply kept it cut short as a boy’s because it would not “behave.” After that, she decided to give me a perm to make the curls more “uniform.” The perm solution burned my eyes and made me cry, and I ended up with something that looked like an afro. It was HIDEOUS. After that, she just kept it cut fairly short and tried to brush it into pleasing shapes. Kids called me Bozo, sometimes, and The Jolly Red Giant (I was also a foot taller than the other kids). Kids are so cruel (sigh).


Around age 14, I insisted on letting it grow out. That was 1984, and the seventies straight hair had exploded into what had become the “big hair” decade. As it grew out, I hot-rolled my bangs, sprayed them, then picked them out and puffed them up: repeatedly. Now, this was not odd. EVERYONE had big hair then, or at least big bangs. When spiral perms became the fashion in the late 80’s, I had to have one of those too. Only thing is, there is something terribly wrong with my hair follicles. I learned to my horror that even if you perm both sides of my head with the same size curlers for the same amount of time, one side will curl up an inch more than the other. From then on, the stylist used two different sizes of rollers, and we hid my dirty little secret during the spiral perm years. But the smell of Paul Mitchell hairspray still takes me back to “date nights,” those exciting Friday nights when my sister and I would sit and eat fried chicken and cheese sticks in our gowns with rollers in our bangs, talking about which boys were picking us up and what our plans were.


In college, I picked up the habit of letting all of my hair grow to the same length, with some light layering around the face. That way, it practically styled itself. I didn’t have to blow-dry it, which was good, since too much drying makes curly hair kinky and frizzy. I simply washed it, moussed it, scrunched it, parted it to the left, and let it dry long and curly on its own. My hair doesn’t get very far past my shoulders; too bad, since I had a childhood fantasy of looking like Crystal Gayle with hair down to my toes. But I survived and had a lot of fun. During graduate school, I occasionally had it done in an “up do” for events like the Erotica Poetry Reading. I was rocking that hair like I had rocked those 80’s bangs, dressed up in black leather and looking like a cross between an eighteenth century court refugee and a high-class hooker. Alas, there are bittersweet memories there too. I remember a man I loved helping me take every one of the 40 or so hairpins out of my hair that night; and I remember that he married someone else that next year and broke my heart.


And so . . . . I married a college friend (bad decision) and lopped off my hair. It was 1997 then, and I wanted to be sleek and grown up and NOT brokenhearted. For the first time since childhood, I had short hair. This time, it was a long bob, all one length. I blew it straight and kept on rocking my hair in black velvet cat suits. I was almost emaciated in those few years. I wanted to be long and cool and sleek like a slim cigarette in a silver holder. The only change I made in those years was rasta braids. I spent 8 hours sitting on a plastic bath stool and holding an African woman’s baby while she wove red disco braids into my natural hair. Don’t ever get fake hair! It’s cool in style, but in reality, it’s heavy, it’s hot, and you have to spray it with Afro-Sheen every day to keep it from getting fuzzy. Too . . . much . . . work. I unbraided it after six weeks and became myself again.


After graduate school, I had a few years of marriage, then divorce, then a few years of partying before reality hit me in a big way, and then hair wasn’t a priority for many years. I simply grew it medium long, washed it, air-dried it, and wore it naturally wavy. If it wasn’t standing straight up, I wasn’t worried about it.


Finally, in 2006, I married for the second time, moved to Seattle, met Glenn and cut my hair again. This time an inverted bob, sleek and slightly funky, with sharp points around the face. I love sleek and funky. We even colored it, which was a first for me. I hated red hair as a child because it was “different”; I loved it as an adult for the very same reason. But we kept it red. We just went from my natural auburn to what I call SuperHero Red. Flame Red. Red Sonja Red. I LOVED it, but red dye fades fast, so I was quickly just coppery again.


But about a week ago, I began hankering for new hair again. So for the first time in at least 15 years, I have bangs, only they are sleek and straight, not puffy. Glenn says it’s funny I asked for them because my hair now looks like the hottest style in Japan, which is a copy of an American 1920’s flapper style. I think I look cute. We’re even going to put in red-violet panels next week.


My life and my hair have changed so much. When I was a child, you sat in hairdryers. Women gossiped and drank cokes in glass bottles and read “trashy” articles in Cosmo. No one does that now, and if you even thought about smoking indoors, you’d probably be arrested for indecent conduct. When I was a teenager, your life and your love life revolved around whether or not your hair was picked out or sticking to the back of your head: it certainly doesn’t now. When I was in college, I made my hair my “glory” and the center of my seductiveness: not now. Now I am more “me” than I ever have been. Many things that just don’t matter have fallen away. But I DO have bangs again. Straight ones that almost cover my eyebrows, but not quite. And like I said: I think I look cute.


For more on my writing and English instruction, go to www.linguaespresso.com.